Compare Christmas Island (2005) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

Compare Christmas Island (2005) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

	Christmas Island (2005)	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of Australia)	-
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	-
Agriculture - products	NA	-
Airports	1 (2004 est.)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate	NA	-
Budget	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA	-
Capital	The Settlement	-
Climate	tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April	tropical
Coastline	138.9 km	74.1 km
Constitution	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958)	-
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Death rate	NA	-
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches
Economic aid - recipient	NA	-
Economy - overview	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in the near future	no economic activity
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)	-
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia	-
Exports	NA	-
Exports - commodities	phosphate	-
Exports - partners	Australia, NZ	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory	the flag of Australia is used
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA	-
Geographic coordinates	10 30 S, 105 40 E	12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Highways	total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)	-
Imports	NA	-
Imports - commodities	consumer goods	-
Imports - partners	principally Australia	-
Independence	none (territory of Australia)	-
Industries	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)	-
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	-
International organization participation	none	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court	-
Labor force	NA	-
Labor force - by occupation	NA	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)
Languages	English (official), Chinese, Malay	-
Legal system	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held in 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	-
Literacy	NA	-
Location	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Map references	Southeast Asia	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
National holiday	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)	-
Nationality	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island	-
Natural hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	phosphate, beaches	fish
Net migration rate	NA	-
People - note	the Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1,508 as of the 2001 Census	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Political parties and leaders	none	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	-
Population	361 (July 2005 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island
Population growth rate	0% (2005 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Flying Fish Cove	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)	-
Religions	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)	-
Sex ratio	NA	-
Telephone system	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-891; satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	-
Television broadcast stations	NA	-
Terrain	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau	low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate	NA	-

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